{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:30:51Z","timestamp":1785796251174,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although HIV antibody tests have been widely accepted in clinical diagnosis of HIV infection, they may not be sufficient to diagnose all subjects with HIV infection. Except negative result of antibody test in the well\u2010known\u201d acute window phase\u201d, in rare cases, patients do not develop HIV antibodies despite demonstrable infection. Primary pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma (KS) without mucocutaneous involvement accounts for only 0\u201015% of all AIDS\u2010related KS. KS is rare among Chinese subjects, especially in persons of Han descent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case of seronegative AIDS with primary pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma (KS) was reported. It's a 46\u2010year\u2010old Chinese man presented with sore throat, hemoptysis, fever, dyspnea and multiple lung nodules. The lung lesions grew over a 5\u2010month period so as the symptoms worsened. The possibility of AIDS was discounted by his physicians because of the repeatedly negative HIV antibodies tests despite the ELISA tests or Western blot tests. Histopathologic diagnosis of fine needle lung biopsy in local hospital was undetermined. After admission, HIV infection was eventually confirmed by plasma HIV RNA testing. Histopathologic diagnosis of Lung Kaposi sarcoma was made through repeated fine needle aspiration biopsy as well as the review of former one. Multiple antibiotics and chemotherapy were administrated with no clinical effect due to advanced stage and the patient passed away soon after diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first case of seronegative HIV\u20101 infection with presentation of primary pulmonary KS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case underscores the importance of plasma RNA test in conjunction with HIV antibody test for some rare patients with HIV infection who present with severe immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections or malignancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]],"date-time":"2016-02-10T09:53:53Z","timestamp":1455098033000},"page":"1040-1044","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Fatal pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV seronegative AIDS patient"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Respiratory Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan\u2010ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding\u2010rong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning\u2010ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Respiratory Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai\u2010sheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines","volume":"59","author":"Workowski KA","year":"2010","journal-title":"2010.MMWR Recomm Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health\u2010care settings","volume":"55","author":"Branson BM","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200309050-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1501.070834"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833ac65c"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/649822"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199901140-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004063421407"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"4646s","article-title":"Spectrum of Kaposi's sarcoma in the epidemic of AIDS","volume":"45","author":"Safai B","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"630","article-title":"Expressions and significance of VEGF and CD34 in Kaposi sarcoma (KS) of oromaxillo\u2010facial region","volume":"26","author":"Zheng J","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pract Stomatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.8.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500215"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/0889222041725262"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.4.1128"}],"container-title":["The Clinical Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcrj.12463","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcrj.12463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/crj.12463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T13:50:13Z","timestamp":1695563413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/crj.12463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/crj.12463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/crj.12463","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-6981","1752-699X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-6981","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-699X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]]}}}