{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:04:52Z","timestamp":1791821092106,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]],"date-time":"2016-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pneumocytis pneumonia (PCP) is a life\u2010threatening disease in non\u2010HIV infected children. However, there have been few studies that have examined the clinical characteristics associated with PCP and outcomes for these pediatric patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review was performed over a 10\u2010year period to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcome of non\u2010HIV children diagnosed with PCP at Beijing Children's Hospital in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 60 non\u2010HIV children diagnosed with PCP were included in the study. The overall mortality was 41.7% (25\/60). Underlying diseases included connective tissue disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200923; 38.3%), hematological disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914; 23.3%), nephrotic disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098; 13.3%) and immunodeficiency disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910; 16.7%). In all, 26\/40 (65.0%) children developed PCP after receiving a follow\u2010up large dose of glucocorticoid because of recurrent disease. Median time from beginning glucocorticoid medication to PCP diagnosis was 245.9 days (range: 14\u20132100 days). The area under the ROC curve of CD4\/CD8 T cell levels for the diagnosis of PCP was 0.902 (95% confidence interval, 0.849\u20130.955). The analysis rendered an optimum cut\u2010off value of 0.715 corresponding to 89.2% sensitivity and 80.4% specificity. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, three parameters were identified as significantly associated with mortality: LDH level, mechanical ventilation and co\u2010infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outcome of PCP in non\u2010HIV children remains poor. A critical stage for PCP development is administration of follow\u2010up glucocorticoid without prophylaxis. CD4\/CD8 ratio is a suitable biomarker for predicting PCP and diagnostic of PCP in non\u2010HIV children. Poor prognostic factors include LDH level, need for mechanical ventilation and co\u2010infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T16:36:47Z","timestamp":1455554207000},"page":"16-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Pneumocystis pneumonia in non\u2010HIV children: a 10\u2010year retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suyun","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiansheng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201009-062WR","article-title":"HIV associated pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"8","author":"Huang L","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032588"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV\u2010infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the national institutes of health, and the HIV medicine association of the infectious diseases society of America","volume":"58","author":"Kaplan JE","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2009.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101943"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6806"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/027249304225019046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/71.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0758-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-76"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.Supplement_2.S416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540601150497"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.3.712"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s150100070041","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as a complication of immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"28","author":"Gl\u00fcck T","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"CD005590","article-title":"Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in HIV\u2010immunocompromised patients","volume":"10","author":"Stern A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2011.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2009.131668"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.2.573"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.024","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes in HIV\u2010infected individuals","volume":"47","author":"Li MC","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0453-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-2745","article-title":"Ventilator\u2010associated pneumonia: the role of\u00a0emerging therapies and diagnostics","volume":"147","author":"Kollef MH.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2013.12.005"}],"container-title":["The Clinical Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcrj.12467","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcrj.12467","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/crj.12467","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T10:38:50Z","timestamp":1695638330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/crj.12467"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/crj.12467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/crj.12467","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-6981","1752-699X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-6981","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-699X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]]}}}