{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:32:25Z","timestamp":1791930745428,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University","award":["ITR0961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITR0961"]}]},{"name":"The National Key Technology R&D Program of the 12th National Five-year Development Plan","award":["BAI05B00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BAI05B00"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81300017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81300017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both histamine and leukotrienes are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR), although the pattern and severity of the nasal response to these two potent inflammatory mediators may differ, which has not been adequately studied in patients with persistent AR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sought to compare the differential effects of nasal challenge with leukotriene D<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> (LTD<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) and histamine on the airway response and inflammation in patients with AR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An open\u2010label, crossover study was performed in 25 persistent AR patients (AR group) and 16 healthy subjects (control group). Participants randomly underwent histamine and LTD<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> nasal provocation within a two\u2010week interval. Nasal symptoms according to a visual analogue scale (VAS), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), nasal lavage, induced sputum, and spirometry were evaluated before and after nasal challenge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasal airway resistance (NAR) increased significantly after both LTD<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and histamine nasal challenge in AR patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). The potency of LTD<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> was 142\u2010fold higher than that of histamine in increasing NAR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The nasal symptom score induced by histamine challenge was significantly higher than that triggered by LTD<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> (3.42\u2009\u00b1\u20090.83 vs. 1.16\u2009\u00b1\u20090.94, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) in the AR group. LTD<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and histamine nasal challenge led to a significant increase in neutrophils in the nasal lavage and induced sputum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) in AR patients. There were no significant differences in the changes of eosinophils before and after LTD4 and histamine nasal challenges in nasal lavage and induced sputum. No significant changes in NAR, the induced symptom score, or inflammatory cells in the nasal lavage and sputum were found in the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>LTD<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and histamine nasal challenge caused different patterns and severities of nasal symptoms, which correlated with symptoms (TSS) that affect patient's daily life. LTD4 was far more potent than histamine at increasing the NAR, while histamine nasal challenge induced more sneezing and nasal discharge. These results may guide the prescription of anti\u2010histamine or anti\u2010leukotriene agents for treating different AR phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]],"date-time":"2016-10-07T16:17:26Z","timestamp":1475857046000},"page":"587-594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of leukotriene D<sub>4<\/sub> and histamine nasal challenge on airway responsiveness and inflammation in persistent allergic rhinitis patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510120 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of 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