{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:46:17Z","timestamp":1792118777655,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]],"date-time":"2018-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tracheobronchial mucormycosis is a rare and invasive pulmonary mucormycosis involving the tracheobronchial tree.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data source<\/jats:title><jats:p>At a 3500\u2010bed tertiary care center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Selection<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retroactive study of 12 cases of tracheobronchial mucormycosis diagnosed in our hospital, and 48 cases that were previously reported in the English literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Rhizopus<\/jats:italic> was the predominant species of pathogen (66.7%). Primary bronchus was the most frequently involved location (38.2%), and upper lobes (51% of cases) were a predilection. Obstructive necrosis and mucosal necrosis were the most common pathological forms (40% and 34.5%, respectively). Fever (59.3%), cough (59.3%), dyspnea (40.7%) and hemoptysis (30.5%) were the most common symptoms. 51.4% patients had rales, 40% had moist rales and 28.6% had negative physical findings. Ninety\u2010five percent patients had immunosuppressive diseases. Diabetes mellitus (66.7%), diabetes ketoacidosis (21.7%), corticosteroid therapy (20%) and kidney insufficiency (18.3%) were the most common predisposing factors. 13.2% had neutropenia which was mostly among the non\u2010diabetic patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.006). Endobronchial lesion of 23.2% had imaging reports with 33.9% exhibiting single mass. Pathological diagnosis of 76.7% used the transbronchial biopsy. The most frequent antifungal therapies were intravenous amphotericin B (79.7%), surgery (33.3%) and surgery combined with amphotericin B therapy (28.3%). Overall in\u2010hospital mortality was 52.5%, with hemoptysis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.017), dyspnea at presentation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.022) and angioinvasion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03) as independent risk prognostic factors. In contrast, surgery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003) was an independent protection prognostic factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tracheobronchial mucormycosis is a rare but severe disease with high mortality because of its nonspecific clinical presentations and variable predisposing factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]],"date-time":"2017-10-13T12:56:43Z","timestamp":1507899403000},"page":"1651-1660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Report of 12 cases with tracheobronchial mucormycosis and a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ruoxi","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Xiangya Hospital (Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease), Central South University Changsha Hunan 410008 People's Republic of 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