{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T16:43:47Z","timestamp":1765039427738},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>High incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was revealed in preterm infants, which acted as one of the main factors that led to infant death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This network meta\u2010analysis (NMA) was performed to rank the efficacy of different therapies in preventing for premature infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and CNKI were searched. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA statistical software (Version 12.0). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% credible intervals (95%CrIs) were applied to evaluate relative efficacy of various treatments. Ranking of probabilities of each treatment was illustrated by surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Consistency between direct and indirect evidence was assessed using the node\u2010splitting plots and heat plots.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 48 trials were eligible to evaluate the efficacy of 3 interventions including ambroxol (AMB), betamethasone (BET), and dexamethasone (DEX). Three outcomes including the incidence of RDS, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neonatal death were assessed. Compared with placebo, BET, DEX, and AMB all demonstrated better efficacy in terms of preventing RDS and neonatal death. No significant difference among treatments was found in the assessment of the incidence of BPD. According to SUCRA, AMB was the optimal treatment in preventing RDS and neonatal death. Besides, no significant inconsistency was detected between direct and indirect evidence. To conclude, no significant difference was found among these three medications. AMB seems to have the potential to be the most effective treatment for reducing the incidence of RDS and neonatal death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T05:12:22Z","timestamp":1533618742000},"page":"2480-2490","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antenatal maternal medication administration in preventing respiratory distress syndrome of premature infants: A network meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Haoyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Military Medical University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weidan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration in Children Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20170157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000297773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0843-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.01.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520290065031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004454.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000268281.36788.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"CD009708.","article-title":"Ambroxol for women at risk of preterm birth for preventing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Gonzalez Garay AG","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d1696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-4095-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"CD001454","article-title":"Diuretics for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants.","volume":"1","author":"Brion LP","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000057900.19201.55"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids revisited: repeat courses","volume":"17","year":"2000","journal-title":"NIH Consens Statement"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"CD004454","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","volume":"3","author":"Roberts D","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68846-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1047758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050622"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1987.15.3.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(98)90506-6"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"1141","article-title":"The antioxidative activity of the mucoregulatory agents: ambroxol, bromhexine and N\u2010acetyl\u2010L\u2010cysteine","volume":"59","author":"Felix K","year":"1996","journal-title":"A pulse radiolysis study. 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