{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:08:02Z","timestamp":1787162882980,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,24]],"date-time":"2019-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical manifestations of lipoid pneumonia (LP) vary depending on the causative agents or underlying causes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and radiological features of LP, classified according to etiologic agents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The clinico\u2010radiological characteristics of LP patients were retrospectively compared among groups: exogenous versus idiopathic and squalene versus omega\u20103\u2010acid ethyl esters (O\u20103\u2010AEE) versus idiopathic. Idiopathic group was defined as LP with no proven or reported etiological evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010two patients met the diagnostic criteria for LP: squalene (9 [41%]), O\u20103\u2010AEE (6 [27%]), olive oil (1 [5%]), and idiopathic (7 [32%]). Compared with the exogenous group, the idiopathic group showed a higher recurrence rate; higher frequencies of bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lymphocytosis; and a higher rate of crazy\u2010paving pattern and lower rate of consolidation on computed tomography scan. In three\u2010group tests, compared with the O\u20103\u2010AEE group, the squalene group exhibited a significantly higher percentage of neutrophils and a higher rate of right middle lobe (RML) involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In comparison with the exogenous group, the idiopathic group demonstrated BAL lymphocytosis, higher rates of recurrence and BAF, and a higher rate of crazy\u2010paving pattern. Compared with the O\u20103\u2010AEE group, the squlaene group showed a higher percentage of BAL neutrophils and predominant RML involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T04:07:39Z","timestamp":1551413259000},"page":"328-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical and radiological manifestations of lipoid pneumonia according to etiology: Squalene, omega\u20103\u2010acid ethyl esters, and idiopathic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7246-0909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung\u2010Ick","family":"Cha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu South 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