{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T23:38:40Z","timestamp":1767915520696,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accumulating evidence suggests that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent among patients with concurrent obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, otherwise known as overlap syndrome (OS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the 10\u2010year risk for CVD in OS patients compared with OSAS patients and controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consecutive patients, referred for symptoms suggestive of OSAS, were evaluated with polysomnography and pulmonary function testing. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the Framingham risk score (FRS) and systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 244 participants (184 males) without CVD and diabetes were divided into 3 groups: controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a063), OSAS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0139) and OS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a042). Both FRS and SCORE were found to be elevated in the OS group compared with the OSAS and control groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001 for all). In multivariate analysis, age (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.461, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), forced expiratory volume in first second (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u2212.285, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.036) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.234, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.007) were major determinants for the SCORE, whereas age (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.308, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and apnoea\u2010hypopnoea index (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.252, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.010) for the FRS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our study, an increased risk for CVD was observed in a group of patients with OS at the time of their initial evaluation. Further studies are needed in the field of OS in order to investigate, prevent and manage early CVD in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T12:48:10Z","timestamp":1566391690000},"page":"708-715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Increased risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome\u2010chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (overlap syndrome)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3486-8855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Voulgaris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MSc Programme in Sleep Medicine, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece"},{"name":"Department of Pneumonology, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kostas","family":"Archontogeorgis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSc Programme in Sleep Medicine, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Papanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Pilitsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumonology, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0381-4715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelia","family":"Nena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Xanthoudaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumonology, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitri P.","family":"Mikhailidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Royal Free Hospital, University College London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8758-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios E.","family":"Froudarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumonology, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7121-6253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paschalis","family":"Steiropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSc Programme in Sleep Medicine, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece"},{"name":"Department of Pneumonology, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.04.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2004.693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1869OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12754"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"4325","article-title":"Comorbidities in coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea \u2013 overlap syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Papachatzakis I","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(12)70051-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2011.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029618788178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6572785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00114-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12524"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-829632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201701-0218PP"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000368615"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201802-136OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.1.7812577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2012.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60313-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00465.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.06.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2013.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.901801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001599"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2105124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01618-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201712-2510ST"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"6171","article-title":"Comment on: comorbidities in coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea \u2013 overlap syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Voulgaris A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"}],"container-title":["The Clinical Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcrj.13078","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/crj.13078","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/crj.13078","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/crj.13078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T06:48:53Z","timestamp":1694242133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/crj.13078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/crj.13078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/crj.13078","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-6981","1752-699X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-6981","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-699X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}