{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:36:28Z","timestamp":1791358588505,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasound imaging has been widely used for imaging of the diaphragm thickness (Tdi) and thickening. Few studies assessed the Tdi using ultrasonography in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We measured the Tdi and thickening in patients with COPD compared with healthy younger and healthy older adults to reveal the influence of ageing and\/or COPD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010eight male patients with COPD (age 72\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08 years), 15 healthy younger (age 22\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01 years) and 15 healthy older (age 72\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05 years) male volunteers were recruited. We measured Tdi at total lung capacity (Tdi<jats:sub>TLC<\/jats:sub>), functional residual capacity (Tdi<jats:sub>FRC<\/jats:sub>) and residual volume (Tdi<jats:sub>RV<\/jats:sub>) using B\u2010mode ultrasonography. We calculated the change ratio of Tdi<jats:sub>TLC<\/jats:sub> and Tdi<jats:sub>RV<\/jats:sub> (\u0394Tdi%). We used a one\u2010way analysis of variance and multiple comparison test for the comparison analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Tdi<jats:sub>TLC<\/jats:sub> and the \u0394Tdi% were significantly lower in patients with COPD compared to the healthy adults. There was no significant difference in these values with age. There was no between group difference in the Tdi<jats:sub>FRC<\/jats:sub> or Tdi<jats:sub>RV<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate significant differences in Tdi<jats:sub>TLC<\/jats:sub> and \u0394Tdi% between patients with COPD and healthy adults. Therefore, diaphragm ultrasonography can assess diaphragm dysfunction associated with COPD. We suggest that it is better to use Tdi<jats:sub>TLC<\/jats:sub> and \u0394Tdi% (not only Tdi at rest) to assess diaphragm function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T13:19:15Z","timestamp":1581427155000},"page":"521-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Diaphragm thickening assessed by ultrasonography is lower than healthy adults in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8224-1294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuki","family":"Okura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Akita University Hospital Akita City 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