{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T02:10:07Z","timestamp":1773367807404,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hospitalized patients with tuberculosis (TB) are prescribed with drugs having high risk of potential drug\u2010drug interactions (pDDIs) and adverse drug effects (ADEs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the adverse effects of anti\u2010tuberculosis (anti\u2010TB) drugs and the prevalence and predictors of pDDIs in hospitalized patients with TB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical profiles of 436\u00a0TB patients were reviewed for adverse effects induced by anti\u2010TB drugs and screened for pDDIs using Micromedex\u2010DrugReax. Prevalence and severity levels of pDDIs were reported. Odds ratios for predictors were calculated using logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of total 436 patients, adverse effects of anti\u2010TB drugs were found in 36%. ADEs were highly prevalent in patients with high doses of anti\u2010TB drugs. Hepatotoxicity, neuropathy, insomnia, arthralgia, psychosis, hematological alterations, skin rashes, red color stool, diplopia, and photophobia were the identified ADEs. All drugs types\u2010 and anti\u2010TB drugs\u2010pDDIs were reported in 78.2% and 55.7%, respectively. Major\u2010pDDIs of anti\u2010TB drugs were identified in 55.5%. Total 1090 anti\u2010TB drugs pDDIs were found, among them, 55.6% were of major\u2010 and 40.5% were of moderate\u2010severity. Significant association was observed for the pDDIs with\u00a0\u22657 prescribed medicines (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Potential adverse outcomes of the most frequent interactions were hepatotoxicity, decreased drug\u2019s effectiveness, QT\u2010interval prolongation, nephrotoxicity, and gastrointestinal ulceration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with TB present with a considerable number of clinically important pDDIs and ADEs (particularly hepatotoxicity). TB patients should be monitored for adverse effects of anti\u2010TB drugs. Attention should be given to major\u2010pDDIs. Patients more at risk to interactions should be identified and monitored for related adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T01:42:30Z","timestamp":1600479750000},"page":"97-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Drug safety in hospitalized patients with tuberculosis: Drug interactions and adverse drug effects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sidra","family":"Noor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7227-3399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahadullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Tuberculosis.http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs104\/en\/. 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