{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:34:43Z","timestamp":1789475683440,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnea and vitamin D deficiency are associated with multiple complications with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the relationship between these two entities remains unclear, with clinical studies demonstrating contradictory results. This narrative review aims to present the current evidence and understanding of this relationship and discuss the possible mechanisms linking these two disease entities. Finally, we summarize and propose areas of opportunity for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:03:25Z","timestamp":1675728205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Obstructive sleep apnea and vitamin D level: Has the dust settled?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6818-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huai Heng","family":"Loh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Malaysia Sarawak  Kota Samarahan Sarawak Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC)  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norlela","family":"Sukor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC)  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27497"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.86.s1.02"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis and management","volume":"114","author":"Goyal M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072\u20101439.2015.06.11"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"4164","article-title":"The impact of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on renin and aldosterone","volume":"19","author":"Lykouras D","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and obesity: implications for public health","volume":"1","author":"Jehan S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328350e53b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.901801"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154\u2010014\u20109304\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00111208"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(13)60734\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13726"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2019.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.12.1340"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.2009.02359.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002902"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.6.3792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.000618"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366\u20106999.238149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.682739"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5430"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020\u2010012\u20109595\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3275\/8923"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325\u2010020\u201002142\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkThoracJ.2021.20051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161115666170529085708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/1984\u20100063.20190126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6554"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16050863"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201507\u2010440OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201507\u2010440OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S250694"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17407280"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2017.0181"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000342748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12606"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4766"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325\u2010020\u201002146\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag\u20102101\u201083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6378"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.173948"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8468742"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4914"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318255655d"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","first-page":"443","article-title":"The effect of vitamin D supplement on quality of sleep in adult people with sleep disorders","volume":"75","author":"Mohammad Shahi M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tehran Univ Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937\u2010016\u20100224\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2010.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201056297\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ajm.AJM_20_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8682"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535\u20107163.MCT\u201006\u20100677"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nux056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.404"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2007.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2021.10.2.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020956"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE\u201008\u20100072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.12.2926"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09\u20102321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6250216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006\u20100946"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(01)06580\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2019.4528"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2008.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2006.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01150308"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.2008.S20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000325109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1087\u20100792(98)90001\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931\u2010020\u201001554\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2013.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2015.1118535"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2018.0184"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.7229"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/304250"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011732"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2018.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980200012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07\u20100040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1987.253.1.R142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476\u20109255\u20105\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.ATM_301_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.15.1629"}],"container-title":["The Clinical Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/crj.13593","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/crj.13593","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/crj.13593","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:37:28Z","timestamp":1722299848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/crj.13593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/crj.13593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/crj.13593","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-6981","1752-699X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-6981","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-699X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13593"}}