{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:23:33Z","timestamp":1790029413508,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study aims to investigate the etiology spectrum and the clinical characteristics of bronchiectasis in Chinese children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study is designed as a multicenter retrospective study. 193 cases were enrolled in 13 centers in China between 2008 and 2017. The inclusive cases must meet the clinical as well as the HRCT criteria. Only if both two radiologists confirmed the diagnosis, the case could be enrolled. The cases that could not provide clinical and imageology data were excluded. The data were entered into the specialized system and then analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred sixty\u2010nine cases (87%) were found to have the underlying etiology. Post\u2010infective (46%), primary immunodeficiency (14%), and PCD (13%) were the common causes. All cases came from 28 provinces in Mainland China. The median age of symptom onset was 5.8 (2.0, 8.9) years. The median age of diagnosis was 8.4 (4.5, 11.6) years. The main symptoms were cough, sputum expectoration, and fever during the exacerbation. Nineteen percent of patients suffered from limited exercise tolerance. Clubbing was found in 17% of cases. Nearly 30% of patients presented growth limitations. On the HRCT findings, 126 cases had diffused bronchiectasis, and bilateral involvement was found in 94 cases. The lower lobes and right middle lobes were most commonly involved. Approximately 30% of cultures of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage were positive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A majority of cases could be found the underlying etiology. Post\u2010infective, primary immunodeficiency, and PCD were the most common causes. Some clinical figures might indicate a specific etiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T04:44:00Z","timestamp":1685594640000},"page":"841-850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Etiology and clinical features of children with bronchiectasis in China: A 10\u2010year multicenter retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9932-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao\u2010ping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan\u2010min","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Children's Hospital  Shenzhen Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yungang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The first affiliated hospital of Xiamen University  Xiamen Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010ling","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai\u2010lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of WMU  Wenzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010mei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Institute of Pediatrics Children's Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Children's Medical Center  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University  Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010hong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010sheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Children's Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010hua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital  Nanchang Jiangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010ping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University  Guiyang Guizhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun\u2010ling","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012519"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"936","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and follow\u2010up of bronchiectasis in children","volume":"29","author":"Wang H","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin J Practical Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2011.3.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-015-0563-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0776"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000085362"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"487","article-title":"Height and weight standardized growth charts for Chinese children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years","volume":"47","author":"Li H","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00127704"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-014-0299-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Clinical analysis of 22 children with bronchiectasis","volume":"30","author":"Chen J","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.186.3.292"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2812"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.066472"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2932"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(03)00111-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136119"}],"container-title":["The Clinical Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/crj.13630","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T15:13:53Z","timestamp":1694704433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/crj.13630"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/crj.13630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/crj.13630","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-6981","1752-699X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-6981","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-699X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}