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This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of ECMO and to identify the risk factors for the mortality of ECMO in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective, cohort study included 46 confirmed immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with ECMO between July 2014 and August 2020. The clinical features and outcomes of the survival group and the non\u2010survival group were statistically analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of the enrolled patients was 60.0 (50.0, 66.0) years; male patients accounted for 60.9% of patients, and the mean CD4 level was 213 cells\/\u03bcL (150.3, 325.3). The hospital mortality rate of the cohort was 67.4% (31\/46 patients). Patients in the survival group showed a higher rate of receiving awake ECMO (11\/15 vs. 4\/31; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), a lower rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (1\/15 vs. 12\/31; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035), fewer platelet transfusion units (0\/15 vs. 2\/31\u2009units; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.039) and a lower rate of ventilator\u2010associated pneumonia (2\/15 vs. 19\/31; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis model, intubated ECMO (hazard ratio\u2009=\u20091.77, 95% confidence interval: 1.34\u20132.32, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and AKI requiring CRRT (1.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.14\u20131.61, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) were identified as independent risk factors for mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In\u2010hospital mortality has remained high in ECMO\u2010treated immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure. Intubated ECMO and AKI receiving CRRT during ECMO treatment may predict ECMO failure in immunocompromised patients with ARF. A primarily awake ECMO strategy seems feasible in some selected immunocompromised patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:23:40Z","timestamp":1693182220000},"page":"874-883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9433-8656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Respiratory Medicine  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases  Beijing China"},{"name":"Institute of Respiratory 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