{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T17:07:57Z","timestamp":1773248877510,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pleural effusions are known to occur in many cases of COVID\u201019. Data on typical characteristics of COVID\u201019\u2010associated pleural effusions are limited. The goal of this project was to characterize the pleural fluid from patients with COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively collected electronic medical record data from adults hospitalized at a large metropolitan hospital system with COVID\u201019 infection who had a pleural effusion and a thoracentesis performed. We assessed pleural fluid characteristics and applied Light's criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 128 effusions from 106 unique patients; 45.4% of the effusions had fluid\/serum protein ratio greater than 0.5, 33.9% had fluid\/serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) greater than 0.6, and 56.2% had fluid LDH\u00a0greater than 2\/3 of the serum upper limit of normal. Altogether, 68.5% of effusions met at least one of these three characteristics\u00a0and therefore were exudative by Light's criteria. The white blood cell (WBC) differential was predominantly lymphocytic (mean 42.8%) or neutrophilic (mean 28.7%); monocytes (mean 12.7%) and eosinophils (mean 2.5%) were less common.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrate that 68.5% of pleural effusions in patients with COVID\u201019 infection were exudative and hypothesize that COVID\u201019\u2010associated pleural effusions are likely to be exudative with WBC differential more likely to be predominantly lymphocytic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T09:20:05Z","timestamp":1711444805000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pleural fluid characteristics of patients with COVID\u201019 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