{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:50:09Z","timestamp":1787241009089,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multi\u2010centre retrospective cohort study aimed to determine whether the cause of an undiagnosed pleural effusion differed depending on if a patient presented as an outpatient or inpatient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1080 adult patients (556 inpatients and 524 outpatients) presenting primarily with an undiagnosed pleural effusion from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2022 from four UK hospitals were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found malignant effusions were more common in outpatients compared to inpatients (48.3% vs. 36.0% <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Infection was common in inpatients but uncommon in outpatients (36.2% vs. 5.0% <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Other causes in all patients included heart and\/or renal failure (13.1%) and non\u2010specific pleuritis (5.6%). No diagnosis was possible in 11.8% of patients referred.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Investigative pathways should vary depending on whether patients present as an inpatient or outpatient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T13:43:54Z","timestamp":1728567834000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Aetiology of Pleural Effusions in a Large Multicentre Cohort: Variation Between Outpatients and Inpatients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Asfandyar","family":"Yousuf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Norfolk &amp; Norwich University Hospital  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine James Paget University Hospital  Lowestoft UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Norfolk &amp; Norwich University Hospital  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"Charles\u2010Rudwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine James Paget University Hospital  Lowestoft UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Vivian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poppy","family":"Denniston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nithin","family":"Thoppuram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Kisseljov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine James Paget University Hospital  Lowestoft UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh\u00a0K.","family":"Panchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital University Hospitals of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor\u00a0K.","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Norfolk &amp; Norwich University Hospital  Norwich UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of East Anglia  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax\u20102022\u2010219784"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2021.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"\u201cBritish Thoracic Society National Pleural Services Organisational Audit Report 2021 National Audit Period [Internet] \u201d cited January 22 2024 https:\/\/www.brit\u2010thoracic.org.uk\/document\u2010library\/quality\u2010improvement\/audit\u2010reports\/national\u2010pleural\u2010service\u2010organisational\u2010audit\u20102021\u2010report\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2013.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.5.1486"}],"container-title":["The Clinical Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/crj.13795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T03:57:16Z","timestamp":1729742236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/crj.13795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/crj.13795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/crj.13795","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-6981","1752-699X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-6981","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-699X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13795"}}