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This syndrome is characterized by an imbalance in the body's oxidation stress and inflammation. Linoleic acid (LA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been extensively studied for its potential health benefits, including anti\u2010inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the therapeutic effects of LA on ALI remain unexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), found in gram\u2010negative bacteria's outer membrane, was intraperitoneally injected to induce ALI in mice. In\u00a0vitro model was established by LPS stimulation of mouse lung epithelial 12 (MLE\u201012) cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LA treatment demonstrated a significant amelioration in LPS\u2010induced hypothermia, poor state, and pulmonary injury in mice. LA treatment resulted in a reduction in the concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein and an increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in LPS\u2010induced mice. LA treatment reduced the generation of white blood cells. LA treatment reduced cell\u2010free (cfDNA) release and promote adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. LA increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) but decreased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA). LA treatment enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential. LA attenuated LPS\u2010induced elevations of inflammatory cytokines in both mice and cells. Additionally, LA exerted its protective effect against LPS\u2010induced damage through activation of the peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor \u03b3 coactivator l alpha (PGC\u20101\u03b1)\/nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1)\/transcription factor A of the mitochondrion (TFAM) pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>LA may reduce inflammation and stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in ALI mice and MLE\u201012 cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.70004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T04:01:03Z","timestamp":1727150463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Linoleic Acid Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Alleviates Acute Lung Injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6592-0384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine University\u2010Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Medical Sciences Research Center University\u2010Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5186-4587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine University\u2010Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 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