{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T07:52:46Z","timestamp":1758959566778,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tuberculous pericarditis begins with fibrinous and hemorrhagic pericarditis, followed by pericardial effusion, then pericardial hypertrophy, which may turn into subacute or chronic stage, and partly develop into pericarditis. Early diagnosis and treatment have very important clinical significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present a case of an 82\u2010year\u2010old man with a known history of hypertension who was admitted for pleural effusion. CT scan of the chest showed findings of pleural effusion. An echocardiographic study during admission revealed a small amount of pericardial effusion (~1.2\u2009cm in thickness). A whole\u2010body positron emission tomography\u2010computer tomography (PET\u2010CT) scan was then performed and showed a slightly increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the entire pericardium considering tuberculosis. He was started on antituberculosis (TB) medications and tolerated them well. Follow\u2010up echocardiographic study showed no re\u2010accumulation of pleural effusion and pericardial fluid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transudative\u2013exudative pleural effusion may be one of the clinical manifestations of tuberculous pericarditis. (1) Bilateral leaking pleural effusion may be the early clinical manifestation of tuberculous pericarditis; (2) PET\/CT in the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of tuberculous pericarditis is valuable; and (3) the central venous pressure may be an indicator of choice for treatment of tuberculous pericarditis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.70055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T05:09:23Z","timestamp":1741756163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["What Causes Bilateral Pleural Effusion: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4226-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miaojuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuaiyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0324-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanxiang","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03470010103039"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Mortality in Patients Treated for Tuberculous Pericarditis in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa","volume":"98","author":"Mayosi B. 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