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Publicly available datasets, including peripheral blood monocular cell (pbmc) single\u2010cell data, SSc, SSc\u2010ILD pbmc transcriptome data, and SSc\u2010ILD, IPF lung tissue transcriptome data were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS and R software, employing standard statistical methods and bioinformatics packages such as Seurat, DESeq2, enrichR, and CellChat.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results revealed that the CD4+\/CD8+ T cell ratio of pbmc in SSc\u2010ILD patients was significantly higher than in SSc\u2010nonILD patients. In IPF patients, an elevated CD4+\/CD8+ T cell ratio was also observed in progressive group, and Treg and mature CD4+ T cells might cause this change. JAK\u2013STAT pathway and the cytokine\u2013cytokine receptor interaction pathway were activated in peripheral blood T cells of IPF patients. The CD30, CD40, and FLT3 signaling pathways were found to play crucial roles in T cell interactions with other immune cells among IPF patients. SPA17 as a commonly upregulated gene among SSc, SSc\u2010ILD, and IPF pbmc and lung, with its expression correlating positively with disease severity and lung function progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD4+\/CD8+ T cell ratio might associate with ILD initiation and progression; Treg cells and mature CD4+ T cells play key roles of it. SPA17 might serve as a pan\u2010ILD marker and associated with lung function progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T03:01:48Z","timestamp":1743562908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Immunological Features and Potential Biomarkers of Systemic Sclerosis\u2013Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Shuai","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao\u2010Yang Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao\u2010Yang Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusha","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao\u2010Yang Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao\u2010Yang Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5341-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Zhaohui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao\u2010Yang Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214865"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.066068"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02292-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30480-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202306-0979OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202405406"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217455"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217230"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00957-2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30355-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad136"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104773"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"489","article-title":"The Correlation of Helper T Lymphocyte 1\/Helper T Lymphocyte 2 With Clinical and Image Features in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"52","author":"Peng S. 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