{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:04:08Z","timestamp":1790215448016,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Respiratory J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed therapeutic selections for advanced non\u2013small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, comparative evidence versus chemotherapy through ICI monotherapy and chemo\u2010immunotherapy combination strategies remains incomplete. For this purpose, we conducted a meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to measure overall survival (OS) and progression\u2010free survival (PFS) outcome improvements in ICI monotherapy or ICI\u2010chemotherapy combined treatment. These interventions take place in adults (\u2265\u200918\u2009years) with advanced\/metastatic NSCLC. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses directions were obeyed. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched (2021\u20132024) for RCTs. A total of 7849 articles were retrieved. RCTs (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200917) qualify inclusion. Hazard ratios (HRs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OS and PFS were pooled using random\u2010effects models. The heterogeneity was assessed by\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Risk of bias was valued with RoB 2. Publication bias and leave\u2010one\u2010out sensitivity analyses were also estimated. ICI monotherapy RCTs (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095) significantly enhanced OS (pooled HR\u2009=\u20090.73, 95% CI: 0.64\u20130.85;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and PFS (pooled HR\u2009=\u20090.69, 95% CI: 0.49\u20130.96) with increased heterogeneity (\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200990%). Combined ICI\u2010chemotherapy RCTs (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200912) produced great benefits, with a pooled OS (HR\u2009=\u20090.68, 95% CI: 0.61\u20130.75;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.00001;\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200948%) and pooled PFS (HR\u2009=\u20090.55, 95% CI: 0.50\u20130.61;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.00001;\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200956%). Subgroup analyses proposed durable effects in smaller trials and with pembrolizumab\u2010based treatments. Risk\u2010of\u2010bias valuations underlined concern, primarily for deviations from therapeutic interventions. Sensitivity analyses set robustness, whereas publication bias was limited. ICI\u2010based remedies, especially chemo\u2010immunotherapy, significantly improve OS and PFS. Heterogeneity and experimental\u2010level bias warrant cautious interpretation. Hence, large RCTs are important to choose the best treatment possibility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.70223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:01:24Z","timestamp":1789002084000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advancements in Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer: A Meta\u2010Analysis of Clinical Trial Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boshan Shantou Health Center  Zibo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1693-5917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cadiothoracic Surgery Zibo First Hospital  Zibo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2016.06.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.04.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Docetaxel in the Treatment of Non\u2010Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: An Update and Analysis","volume":"1","author":"Gubens M. 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