{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:49:39Z","timestamp":1791938979887,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content> nephropathy has emerged as an important cause for allograft failure in renal transplant patients. The kidney tubules are the main target of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content> virus infiltration. Neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>) has been proven to be a powerful biomarker for tubular damage. Therefore, we investigated the suitability of plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> as new diagnostic tool in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed 240 renal transplant recipients. Systematic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BKV<\/jats:styled-content> screening by plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> was performed one\u00a0month after transplantation and every three\u00a0month thereafter for two\u00a0yr. Plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> concentration was investigated using a commercial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>. Medical records and electronic databases were reviewed for clinical parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content> viremia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BKV<\/jats:styled-content>+) was diagnosed in 5.0% (12\/240) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content> nephropathy in 3.3% (8\/240) of our patients. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BKV<\/jats:styled-content>+ patients received more induction therapy (p\u00a0=\u00a00.03) and experienced a higher rate of biopsy\u2010proven rejections compared to 13 control patients with similar graft function but negative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BKV PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no difference in plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> expression between both groups (128.6 vs. 172.2\u00a0ng\/mL; p\u00a0=\u00a00.68).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intensified immunosuppressive therapy is associated with an increased risk for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content> nephropathy. Plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> is neither suitable for diagnosing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content> nephropathy nor helpful in predicting the individual course of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BKV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T04:04:28Z","timestamp":1360814668000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<scp>BK<\/scp> virus\u2010associated nephropathy: neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin as a new diagnostic tool?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Rau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV Nephrologisches Zentrum Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich 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