{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:50:51Z","timestamp":1761630651457},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kidney transplantation faces many challenges not the least of which is the presence of pre\u2010formed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies. At our institution, we have used a combination of methods to immunomodulate sensitized patients. Most recently, this has been attempted with a combination of immunoglobulin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content>) and rituximab (Rituxan; Genetech, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> USA<\/jats:styled-content>). A total of 31 patients were followed for up to one\u00a0yr following treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> (2\u00a0gm\/kg on day 1 and day 30) and rituximab (1\u00a0g \u2013 day 15). Antibody levels were followed serially at designated time points via solid\u2010phase single\u2010antigen beads (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAB<\/jats:styled-content>) method (One Lambda, Inc., Canoga Park, CA, USA). Concentration of antibodies was based on median fluorescence intensity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFI<\/jats:styled-content>). The majority of patients had both class I and class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies (79%). Our results showed that this protocol appeared to be patient and antibody specific. The most pronounced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFI<\/jats:styled-content> reduction in antibodies occurred within the 30\u2010 to 100\u2010d period post\u2010treatment. Calculated panel\u2010reactive antibodies decreased but rebound tended to occur by 104\u00a0d after antibody <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFI<\/jats:styled-content> nadir. Because of this rebound, it can be inferred that the patients did not show a durable increase in their potential for transplantation. The search for a more effective method to immunomodulate patients continues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T12:34:42Z","timestamp":1370003682000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effectiveness of the combination of rituximab and high\u2010dose immunoglobulin in the immunomodulation of sensitized kidney transplant candidates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Taber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ahmad","family":"Mujtaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 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