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Thus, converting patients to a non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based regimen may improve renal function and also provide extrarenal benefits. A number of studies have been conducted that explore <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNI<\/jats:styled-content> conversion strategies in renal transplant recipients in an effort to improve long\u2010term allograft function and survival. These include converting to alternative, non\u2010nephrotoxic, maintenance immunosuppressants, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (sirolimus and everolimus) and the costimulation blocker belatacept. In this review of literature, evidence for the potential renal and extrarenal benefits of conversion to these non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based regimens is evaluated. Clinical challenges, including the adverse event profiles of non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based regimens and the selection of candidates for conversion, are also examined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]],"date-time":"2014-08-20T11:53:52Z","timestamp":1408535632000},"page":"1209-1224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Conversion from calcineurin inhibitor\u2013based immunosuppression to mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors or belatacept in renal transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shamkant","family":"Mulgaonkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal and Pancreas Division Barnabas Health Livingston NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dixon B.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplantation University of 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