{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:29:16Z","timestamp":1782851356495,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]],"date-time":"2015-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHE 341\/17-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHE 341\/17-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The calcineurin inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNI<\/jats:styled-content>s) cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) are immunosuppressive drugs, which are typically employed in the field of organ transplantation. Both drugs have narrow therapeutic indices, highly variable pharmacokinetics, and are associated with severe adverse effects. In current clinical routine, the dose finding of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNI<\/jats:styled-content>s is based on the measurement of their blood concentrations. However, this method is limited in its ability to determine the biological impact of the drug. Alternative monitoring strategies, focusing on the pharmacodynamics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNI<\/jats:styled-content>s, could help to personalize drug dosing and optimize the treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNI<\/jats:styled-content>s. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNI<\/jats:styled-content>s CsA (n\u00a0=\u00a09) and Tac (n\u00a0=\u00a08) in stable renal transplant patients during a 12\u2010h dosing period. We observed a significant decrease in the drug\u2013blood concentration during the course of the day and in parallel a significant recovery of T cell function. In addition, our data document that analysis of intracellular interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20102 production and determination of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 release are accurate parameters for monitoring the pharmacodynamics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNI<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,31]],"date-time":"2014-12-31T05:46:51Z","timestamp":1420004811000},"page":"294-300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplant patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Antje","family":"Albring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology University Hospital Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Wendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology University Hospital Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nino","family":"Harz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology University Hospital Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Engler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology University Hospital Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Wilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology University Hospital Essen University Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kribben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology University Hospital Essen University Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Lindemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Schedlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology University Hospital Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Witzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology University Hospital Essen University Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00075198-200112000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200565050-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200464180-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(93)90048-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/357695a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.4.1483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.18.10884"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90124-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318160254f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2007.00739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/numonthly.2437"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Cyclosporine monitoring in organ transplantation: Do we need a new concept?","volume":"3","author":"Rostami Z","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrourol Mon"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg434"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199907150-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2011.570260"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.23.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e3181c0eecb"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.32.604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198512000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199911150-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2002.020209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2005.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000109260.00094.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000190423.82154.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60699-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210790112782"}],"container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fctr.12504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ctr.12504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T13:39:14Z","timestamp":1695562754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ctr.12504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ctr.12504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ctr.12504","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0902-0063","1399-0012"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0902-0063","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-0012","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]]}}}