{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T06:21:36Z","timestamp":1780381296371,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,12]],"date-time":"2015-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Lung transplant recipients (LTR<\/jats:styled-content>) at our institution receive prolonged and mostly lifelong azole antifungal (AF<\/jats:styled-content>) prophylaxis. The impact of this prophylactic strategy on the epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal infections (IFI<\/jats:styled-content>) is unknown. This was a single\u2010center, retrospective cohort study. We reviewed the medical records of all adult LTR<\/jats:styled-content> from January 2002 to December 2011. Overall, 16.5% (15 of 91) of patients who underwent lung transplantation during this time period developed IFI<\/jats:styled-content>. Nineteen IFI<\/jats:styled-content> episodes were identified (eight proven, 11 probable), 89% (17 of 19) of which developed during AF<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis. LTR<\/jats:styled-content> with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were more likely to develop IFI<\/jats:styled-content> (HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 4.29; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.15\u201315.91; p\u00a0=\u00a00.03). A higher hazard of mortality was observed among those who developed IFI<\/jats:styled-content>, although this was not statistically significant (hazard ratio [HR<\/jats:styled-content>]: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI<\/jats:styled-content>] [0.58\u20134.05]; p\u00a0=\u00a00.27). Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic> was the most common cause of IFI<\/jats:styled-content> (45%), with pulmonary parenchyma being the most common site of infection. None of our patients developed disseminated invasive aspergillosis, cryptococcal or endemic fungal infections. IFI<\/jats:styled-content> continue to occur in LTR<\/jats:styled-content>, and the eradication of IFI<\/jats:styled-content> appears to be challenging even with prolonged prophylaxis. Azole resistance is uncommon despite prolonged AF<\/jats:styled-content> exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]],"date-time":"2015-01-21T12:10:33Z","timestamp":1421842233000},"page":"311-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in lung transplant recipients on long\u2010term azole antifungal prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2475-7932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pearlie P.","family":"Chong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassie C.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Hathcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter K.","family":"Kremers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymund R.","family":"Razonable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 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