{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:01:23Z","timestamp":1792065683540,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>A<\/jats:bold>ntibody\u2010mediated rejection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMR<\/jats:styled-content>) can induce and develop thrombotic microangiopathy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content>) in renal allografts. A definitive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMR<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dAMR<\/jats:styled-content>) co\u2010presents three diagnostic features. A suspicious <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMR<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sAMR<\/jats:styled-content>) is designated when one of the three features is missing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> cases overlapping with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMR<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMR<\/jats:styled-content>+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content>) were studied, which involved 14 cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sAMR<\/jats:styled-content>+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> and 18 cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dAMR<\/jats:styled-content>+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content>. Thirty <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> cases free of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMR<\/jats:styled-content> features (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content>) were enrolled as control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ratio of complete response to treatment was similar between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMR<\/jats:styled-content>+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> group (23.3% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.33), or between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sAMR<\/jats:styled-content>+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dAMR<\/jats:styled-content>+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> group (14.3% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.79). At eight yr post\u2010transplantation, the death\u2010censored graft survival (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCGS<\/jats:styled-content>) rate of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> group was 62.8%, which was significantly higher than 28.0% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMR<\/jats:styled-content>+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> group (p = 0.01), but similar between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sAMR<\/jats:styled-content>+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dAMR<\/jats:styled-content>+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> group (30.0% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.92). Overall, the intimal arteritis and the broad <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> (Human leukocyte antigens) mismatches were closely associated with over time renal allograft failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMR<\/jats:styled-content>+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> has inferior long\u2010term graft survival, but grafts with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sAMR<\/jats:styled-content>+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dAMR<\/jats:styled-content>+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMA<\/jats:styled-content> have similar characteristics and clinical 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