{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:47:37Z","timestamp":1787014057469,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]],"date-time":"2015-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Recent studies from the United States and Norway have suggested an unexpected 8\u2010 to 11\u2010fold relative risk of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    after kidney donation, but a low long\u2010term absolute risk. Abundant renal epidemiologic data predict that these studies have underestimated long\u2010term risk. The 1% lifetime post\u2010donation risk in the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    study requires medical screening to predict\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in 96 of 100 candidates. This is particularly unlikely in the 30\u201335% of candidates under age 35, half of whose lifetime\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    will occur after age 64. Many experts have attributed the increased relative risks in these studies to loss of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    at donation, which ultimately means that high\u2013normal pre\u2010donation\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s will reduce absolute post\u2010donation risks. The 8\u2010 to 11\u2010fold relative risks predict implausible risks of uninephrectomy in the general population, but lower estimates still result in very high risks for black donors. Young vs. older age, low vs. high\u2013normal pre\u2010donation\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s, black race, and an increased relative risk of donation all predict highly variable individual risks, not a single \u201clow\u201d or \u201c1%\u201d risk as these studies suggest. A uniform, ethically defensible donor selection protocol would accept older donors with many minor medical abnormalities but protect from donation many currently acceptable younger, black, and\/or low\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    candidates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]],"date-time":"2015-12-22T05:34:07Z","timestamp":1450762447000},"page":"10-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Moving closer to understanding the risks of living kidney donation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Transplantation University of California San Diego CA USA"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine School of Medicine University of California San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"E Ramos A Vijayan J Vella DC Brennan Evaluation of the living kidney donor and risk of donor nephrectomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804883"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.285141"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.460"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.285142"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.560"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12804"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reassessing medical risk in living kidney donors","volume":"26","author":"Gaston RS","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Comment: The US study AD","volume":"312","author":"Massie AB","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"Research Finds Low Risk of Renal Failure for Kidney Donors.ASN In The Loop.KidneyDaily@asn.custombriefings.com February 13 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"Healy M. 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