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Multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis (97% valganciclovir) was identified in 61% of kidney transplant recipients (median duration, 64 d); 71% of seronegative recipients of kidneys from seropositive donors (D+\/R\u2212); 63% of R+ patients; 60% of patients with unknown serostatus; and 34% of D\u2212\/R\u2212 patients. Variability in usage of prophylaxis among transplant centers was greater than variability within transplant centers. One in four transplant centers prescribed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis to &gt;60% of their D\u2212\/R\u2212 patients. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> donor\/recipient serostatus, lymphocyte\u2010depleting agents for induction and mycophenolate for maintenance were associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis was commonly used among kidney transplant recipients. Routine prescription of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis to D\u2212\/R\u2212 patients may have occurred in some transplant centers. Limiting unnecessary use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis may decrease healthcare costs and drug\u2010related harms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,3]],"date-time":"2016-02-03T17:33:25Z","timestamp":1454520805000},"page":"435-444","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pharmacoepidemiology of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in a large retrospective cohort of kidney transplant recipients with Medicare Part D coverage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Carlos A. 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