{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:29:55Z","timestamp":1753878595461,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the upper airway endoscopic findings of children with upper airway symptoms after liver transplantation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LT<\/jats:styled-content>) or heart transplantation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Review of children undergoing airway endoscopy after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LT<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> from 2011 to 2015 at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Airway findings, biopsy results, immunosuppression, and Epstein\u2010Barr virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content>) levels were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three of 158 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LT<\/jats:styled-content> (111) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> (47) recipients underwent endoscopy. Median time from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LT<\/jats:styled-content> to endoscopy was 9 months (range 4\u201025) and 31 months (range 1\u2010108) for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>. Thirteen of 23 patients presented with upper airway symptoms, and 10\/23 presented with respiratory failure or for surveillance. Thirteen patients with upper airway symptoms had abnormal findings (7 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LT<\/jats:styled-content>; 6 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>), most commonly arytenoid edema (13 patients). There were five <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive biopsies (four with post\u2010transplant lymphoproliferative disorder), and six <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative biopsies with lymphocytic inflammation. One biopsy demonstrated fungal infection. Immunosuppression was decreased in seven patients, and three received steroids. There were no episodes of allograft rejection. No patients had airway symptoms at last follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In pediatric solid organ transplant recipients, symptoms of airway obstruction are not uncommon and should be evaluated with endoscopy. Endoscopy without symptoms is low\u2010yield. Treatment with decreased immunosuppression improved airway symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,19]],"date-time":"2017-03-19T05:59:20Z","timestamp":1489903160000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Airway inflammation and symptoms in children following liver and heart transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4620-2508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Redmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Bucuvalas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gasteroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clifford","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine K.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e3282ff631e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.56.082103.104727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-003-1392-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1157","article-title":"Pathology forum: quiz case 1. 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