{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:48:02Z","timestamp":1773283682091,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]],"date-time":"2017-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>The organ procurement network recommends a surgeon record 15 cases as surgeon or assistant for laparoscopic donor nephrectomies (LDN<\/jats:styled-content>) prior to independent practice. The literature suggests that the learning curve for improved perioperative and patient outcomes is closer to 35 cases. In this article, we describe our development of a model utilizing fresh tissue and objective, quantifiable endpoints to document surgical progress, and efficiency in each of the major steps involved in LDN<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>Phase I of model development focused on the modifications necessary to maintain visualization for laparoscopic surgery in a human cadaver. Phase II<\/jats:styled-content> tested proposed learner\u2010based metrics of procedural competency for multiport LDN<\/jats:styled-content> by timing procedural steps of LDN<\/jats:styled-content> in a novice learner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Phases I and II<\/jats:styled-content> required 12 and nine cadavers, with a total of 35 kidneys utilized. The following metrics improved with trial number for multiport LDN<\/jats:styled-content>: time taken for dissection of the gonadal vein, ureter, renal hilum, adrenal and lumbrical veins, simulated warm ischemic time (WIT<\/jats:styled-content>), and operative time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Human cadavers can be used for training in LDN<\/jats:styled-content> as evidenced by improvements in timed learner\u2010based metrics. This simulation\u2010based model fills a gap in available training options for surgeons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,25]],"date-time":"2017-03-25T15:12:44Z","timestamp":1490454764000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development of a human cadaver model for training in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8281-1936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica R. H.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiram C. Polk Jr. Department of Surgery University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Billeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiram C. Polk Jr. Department of Surgery University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devin","family":"Druen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiram C. Polk Jr. Department of Surgery University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiram C. Polk Jr. Department of Surgery University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiram C. Polk Jr. Department of Surgery University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Donors recovered in the US by donor type.https:\/\/optn.transplant.hrsa.gov\/data\/view-data-reports\/national-data\/. 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