{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:47:39Z","timestamp":1787014059279,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]],"date-time":"2018-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n The use of once\u2010daily tacrolimus in de novo kidney transplantation is increasingly common. Therefore, we were interested in bioavailability aspects of novel once\u2010daily tacrolimus (\n LCPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n , Envarsus) and once\u2010daily tacrolimus extended\u2010release formulation (\n ER<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010Tac, Advagraf) compared with twice\u2010daily immediate\u2010release tacrolimus (\n IR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010Tac, Prograf). Furthermore, we calculated the costs. Kidney allograft recipients on tacrolimus\u2010based immunosuppression within 2 clinical trials were included in a single\u2010center analysis. The tacrolimus formulations were compared with respect to daily doses, doses per body weight, trough levels, and concentration\u2010dose (C\/D) ratio over 12\u00a0months. Intrapatient variability in trough levels and C\/D ratios after 3\u00a0months was calculated. For the calculation of tacrolimus costs, German list prices were used. Eighty patients (21 with\n LCPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 23 with\n IR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010Tac, and 36 with\n ER<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010Tac) were analyzed. Pharmacokinetic comparisons revealed significantly higher bioavailability of\n LCPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n at all visits. The variability of trough levels and C\/D ratios in general was high and highest in\n LCPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients. Different dose requirements translated into different costs. Median treatment costs during the first year were 7.825\u20ac (\n IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 6.195\u20108.892\u20ac) for\n LCPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 9.813\u20ac (\n IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 7.630\u201016.832\u20ac) for\n IR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010Tac, and 9.838\u20ac (\n IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 7.503\u2010 13.541\u20ac) for\n ER<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010Tac (Kruskal\u2010Wallis test,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.003). The 3 tacrolimus formulations exhibit different dose requirements, exposure, and costs in favor of\n LCPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T05:50:42Z","timestamp":1528696242000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Bioavailability and costs of once\u2010daily and twice\u2010daily tacrolimus formulations in de novo kidney transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Petra","family":"Glander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Waiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Kasbohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Friedersdorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klemens","family":"Budde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3964-4685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lutz","family":"Liefeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91014-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"CD003961","article-title":"Tacrolimus versus cyclosporin as primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients","volume":"4","author":"Webster A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the care of kidney transplant recipients","volume":"3","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Transplant Work Group","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J 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