{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T04:08:14Z","timestamp":1777090094569,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rejection rates in HIV\u2010infected kidney transplant (KTx) recipients are higher than HIV\u2010negative recipients. Immunosuppression and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) protocols vary with potentially significant drug\u2010drug interactions, likely influencing outcomes. This is an IRB\u2010approved, single\u2010center, retrospective study of adult HIV\u2010infected KTx patients between 5\/2009 and 12\/2014 with 3\u2010year follow\u2010up, excluding antibody\u2010depleting induction. A total of 42 patients were included; median age was 52\u00a0years, 81% male, 50% African American, 29% Hispanic, 17% Caucasian. The most common renal failure etiology was hypertensive nephrosclerosis (50%) with 5.8 median years of pre\u2010transplant dialysis. All patients received IL\u20102 receptor antagonist, were maintained on tacrolimus (76%) or cyclosporine (17%), and 40% received ritonavir\u2010boosted PI\u2010based HAART (rtv+) regimen. Patient and graft survival at 3\u00a0years were 93% and 90%. At 1\u2010, 2\u2010, and 3\u2010year time points, median serum creatinine was 1.49, 1.35, and 1.67; treated biopsy\u2010proven rejection was 38%, 38%, and 40.5%; and 92% of episodes were acute rejection. At these time points, rejection rates were significantly higher with boosted PI HAART regimens compared to other HAART regimens, 59% vs 24% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.029), 59% vs 24% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.029), and 68% vs 24% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01). Despite higher rejection rates, HIV\u2010infected KTx recipients have reasonable outcomes. Given significantly higher rejection rates using rtv+ regimens, alternative HAART regimens should be considered prior to transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T06:46:20Z","timestamp":1552459580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Higher rates of rejection in HIV\u2010infected kidney transplant recipients on ritonavir\u2010boosted protease inhibitors: 3\u2010year follow\u2010up study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6899-1168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett","family":"Rollins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Farouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"},{"name":"Recanati Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graciela","family":"DeBoccardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"},{"name":"Recanati Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Lerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"},{"name":"Recanati Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirish","family":"Huprikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leandra","family":"Miko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Delaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"},{"name":"Recanati Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1635-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sander","family":"Florman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"},{"name":"Recanati Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005040340"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(02)03011-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1014114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01238.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2007.0015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13840"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014070726"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14419"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12951"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13923"}],"container-title":["Clinical 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