{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:35:56Z","timestamp":1779888956640,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leukopenia is a frequent complication following kidney transplantation. Granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF) has been used to accelerate white blood cell (WBC) count recovery; however, published experience in kidney transplantation is limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed our kidney transplant recipients from January 2012 to September 2016 with a G\u2010CSF order to evaluate leukopenia management (defined as WBC &lt;3000\u00a0cells\/\u03bcL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six recipients were included. On average, G\u2010CSF treatment began at 98\u00a0\u00b1\u00a038\u00a0days. At G\u2010CSF initiation, mean WBC count was 1240\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0420\u00a0cells\/\u03bcL and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 653\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0368\u00a0cells\/\u03bcL. Mean G\u2010CSF dose was 4.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2\u00a0mcg\/kg\/dose (total 11.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.0\u00a0mcg\/kg), 77.8% of recipients were prescribed G\u2010CSF as outpatients, and overall, median time to WBC count recovery was 9 (IQR 4\u201014) days. Changes in immunosuppression and prophylaxis regimens for leukopenia were also common. Within 1\u00a0month following leukopenia onset, no patients experienced acute rejection and 5 (14%) developed infection requiring hospitalization or opportunistic infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In kidney recipients with leukopenia, G\u2010CSF may be helpful to achieve WBC count recovery in addition to changes in immunosuppression and prophylaxis medications. Prospective, randomized data are still needed to determine optimal G\u2010CSF dosing in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T01:13:24Z","timestamp":1553044404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Single\u2010center, real\u2010world experience with granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor for management of leukopenia following kidney transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Hamel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Sawinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy D.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Bleicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Goral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Ann","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4370-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Trofe\u2010Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services Hospital of the 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