{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:33:38Z","timestamp":1767908018515,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010DK120518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010DK120518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010DK102981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010DK102981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outcomes of benzodiazepine and opioid co\u2010prescription are not well\u2010defined in transplant populations. We examined linked national transplant registry and pharmaceutical records to characterize benzodiazepine and opioid use in the years before and after transplant in large US cohort of kidney transplant recipients (2007\u20102016; N\u00a0=\u00a098\u00a0620), and associations (adjusted hazard ratio, <jats:sub>LCL<\/jats:sub>aHR<jats:sub>UCL<\/jats:sub>) with death and graft failure. Among the cohort, 15.6% filled benzodiazepine prescriptions in the year before transplant, and 14.0% filled benzodiazepine prescriptions in the year after transplant (short\u2010acting, 9.5%; long\u2010acting, 3.3%; both 1.1%). Use of short\u2010acting benzodiazepines in the year before transplant was associated with a 22% increased risk of death in the year after transplant (aHR, <jats:sub>1.08<\/jats:sub>1.22<jats:sub>1.38<\/jats:sub>), while use of all classes in the year after transplant was associated with increased risk of death from &gt;1 to 5\u00a0years (aHR: short\u2010acting <jats:sub>1.29<\/jats:sub>1.39<jats:sub>1.48<\/jats:sub>; long\u2010acting <jats:sub>1.12<\/jats:sub>1.25<jats:sub>1.40<\/jats:sub>; both <jats:sub>1.46<\/jats:sub>1.74<jats:sub>2.07<\/jats:sub>). Recipients who used benzodiazepines were also more likely to fill opioid prescriptions. Recipients who filled both classes of benzodiazepine and the highest level of opioids had a 2.9\u2010fold increased risk of death compared to recipients who did not use either. Co\u2010prescription of benzodiazepines and opioids in kidney transplant recipients is associated with increased mortality. Ongoing research is needed to understand mechanisms of risk relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T13:03:26Z","timestamp":1591621406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Outcome implications of benzodiazepine and opioid co\u2010prescription in kidney transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0129-7091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngan N.","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Schnitzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Abdominal Transplantation Saint Louis University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5684-0613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Axelrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Transplant Center  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Abdominal Transplantation Saint Louis University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3013-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"McAdams\u2010DeMarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorry L.","family":"Segev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan B.","family":"Massie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vikas R.","family":"Dharnidharka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1602-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit S.","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 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