{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T08:18:58Z","timestamp":1777969138480,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012524","name":"American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012524","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypogammaglobulinemia has not been well studied in pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We evaluated plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) and lymphocyte phenotypes among 31 pediatric heart and kidney recipients for two years post\u2010transplant and from 10 non\u2010transplanted children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma IgM, IgG, and IgA were quantified by immunoturbidimetric assays, IgG subclasses were quantified by bead\u2010based multiplex immunoassay, and lymphocyte phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median age at transplant for SOT recipients was similar to that of the control cohort (15 vs. 12.5\u00a0years, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.61). Mean plasma IgG and IgM levels for SOT recipients fell significantly below the control cohort means by 1\u00a0month post\u2010transplant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001 for both) and remained lower than control levels at 12\u201018\u00a0months post\u2010transplant. Heart recipients had lower frequencies of a\u00a0CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> na\u00efve T lymphocytes relative to kidney recipients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypogammaglobulinemia was prevalent and persistent among pediatric SOT recipients and may be secondary to immunosuppressive medications, as well as loss of thymus tissue and CD45RA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u00a0\u00a0CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in heart recipients. Limitations of our study include but are not limited to small sample size from a single center, lack of samples for all participants at every time point, and lack of peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples for the non\u2010transplanted cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T23:48:00Z","timestamp":1592956080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Persistent hypogammaglobulinemia in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7968-8287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Pellett Madan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Children\u2019s Hospital at Montefiore and Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics New York 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