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We performed a single\u2010center retrospective analysis of thoracocenteses after initial hospital discharge in LTx patients between March 2008 and September 2020 to identify risk factors, etiologies, and outcomes. Of the 1223 patients included, 113 patients (9.2%) required a total of 195 thoracocenteses. The cumulative incidence of thoracocentesis was 10.6% at 1\u00a0year and 14.2% at 5\u00a0years after transplantation. We observed a bimodal distribution of pleural effusion onset with a threshold at 6\u00a0months. Late\u2010onset effusions were mostly of malignant or cardiac origin. We observed a high rate of nonspecific effusions (41.5%) irrespective of the timepoint post\u2010transplantation. Patients with late\u2010onset effusions had significantly lower survival compared to a matched controlled group (HR 2.43; 95% CI (1.27\u20134.62). All pulmonary function parameters were significantly decreased in patients requiring thoracocentesis compared to matched controls. Male sex and re\u2010transplantation were risk factors for pleural effusions. In conclusion, pleural effusions requiring thoracocentesis occur frequently in LTx patients and lead to a reduced long\u2010term allograft function. Late\u2010onset effusions are associated with a lower survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T06:36:22Z","timestamp":1613975782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Characteristics and clinical implications of pleural effusions after lung transplantation: A retrospective analysis of 195 thoracocenteses in 113 patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5995-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana","family":"Joean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Biomedical Research in End\u2010stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Member of the German Center for Lung Research Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritz 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