{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:19:18Z","timestamp":1792189158951,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at risk of <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (PCP). PCP is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The effect of acute T cell\u2010mediated rejection (TCMR) on post\u2010transplant PCP has not been determined yet.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this case\u2010control study, we estimated the risk of PCP following acute TCMR during a lookback period of 180\u00a0days. We also determined the effects of contributing factors such as CMV infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared 15 SOT (8 kidney, 4 heart, 2 liver, and 1 kidney\u2010pancreas) recipients with PCP with 60 matched recipients who did not develop PCP (control group) during the study period (December 2013 to February 2016). PCP occurred after a complete course of prophylaxis (ie, late\u2010onset PCP) in 60% of patients. Patients with PCP frequently required intensive care unit (ICU) admission (73.3%). Post\u2010transplant PCP was associated with considerable allograft loss (53.4%) and mortality (26.7%). In the 6\u2010month lookback period, acute TCMR (OR: 13.1, 95% CI: 3.2, 53.2), and CMV infection (OR: 15.1,95% CI: 4.0, 53.2.1) were significantly associated with post\u2010transplant PCP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010transplant PCP is associated with substantial risk of ICU admission, allograft failure, and mortality. Anti\u2010<jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> prophylaxis for at least 6\u00a0months following acute TCMR may reduce the risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T05:24:48Z","timestamp":1619069088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Six\u2010month risk of <i>Pneumocystis<\/i> pneumonia following acute cellular rejection: A case\u2010control study in solid organ transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7979-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed M.","family":"Hosseini\u2010Moghaddam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine University Health Network, Transplant Infectious Diseases Program, University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Western University London ON Canada"},{"name":"Multiorgan Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Shokoohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gagandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiorgan Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul D.","family":"Nagpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiorgan Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University London ON 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