{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T16:35:44Z","timestamp":1793637344234,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Liver dysfunction is an increasingly common finding in patients evaluated for lung transplantation. New or worsening dysfunction in the perioperative period, defined by presence of clinical ascites\/encephalopathy, high model for end\u2010stage liver disease (MELD) score, and\/or independent diagnostic criteria, is associated with high short\u2010 and long\u2010term mortality. Therefore, a thorough liver function assessment is necessary prior to listing for lung transplant. Unfortunately, identification and intraoperative monitoring remain the only options for prevention of disease progression with isolated lung transplantation. Combined lung and liver transplantation may provide an option for definitive long\u2010term management in selecting patients with known liver disease at high risk for postoperative progression. However, experience with the combined operation is extremely limited and indications for combined lung and liver transplant remain unclear. Herein, we present a comprehensive literature review of patients with liver dysfunction undergoing lung transplantation with and without concurrent liver transplant in an effort to illuminate the risks, benefits, and clinical judgement surrounding decision to pursue combined lung\u2010liver transplantation (CLLT). We also argue description of liver function is currently a weakness of the current lung allocation scoring system. Additional algorithms incorporating liver function may aid in risk stratification and decision to pursue combined transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T15:08:25Z","timestamp":1620486505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A review of liver dysfunction in the lung transplant patient"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4141-3050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric J.","family":"Hyzny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9849-6371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernest G.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Morrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2047-5436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Harano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo G.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13318"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.11.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.11.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-014-0238-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reactivation of hepatitis B \u2010 Hoofnagle \u2010 2009 \u2010 Hepatology \u2010 Wiley Online Library. Accessed March 16 2020. https:\/\/aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.22945","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22945"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2003.06.021"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Cardiac operations for patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"5","author":"Kaplan M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart Surg Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12291"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01923-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i47.8263"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198603203141202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2008.02.075"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1978.tb08452.x","article-title":"Natural history and life expectancy in severe alpha1\u2010antitrypsin deficiency, Pi Z","volume":"204","author":"Larsson C","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212779"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","unstructured":"Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis at risk for liver disease \u2010 Digestive and Liver Disease. Accessed April 28 2020.https:\/\/www.dldjournalonline.com\/article\/S1590\u20108658(09)00333\u20108\/fulltext"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9629570"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2010.03.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001517"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcv115"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2010.01395.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25496"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28906"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2007.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(11)60006-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"50","volume-title":"The liver and portal hypertension","author":"Child CG","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002877"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2014.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200210000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000189131.90876.9e"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2012.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2015.12.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03877-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.02.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1570-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-4123-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.16.11442-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000058358"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000101573.54295.bd"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"Hypoxic hepatitis: a review and clinical update","volume":"4","author":"Waseem N","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000287592.94554.5F"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.01.887"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","unstructured":"Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Section 5:10 organ offers acceptance and verification: allocation of multi\u2010organ combinations. Policies."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002529"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00703.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14660"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000000785"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23770"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2006.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20279"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000165717.23652.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(95)70064-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12781"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34988-2"},{"issue":"58","key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","first-page":"765","article-title":"Transient elastography detection of early liver fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients","volume":"44","author":"Bocchino M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-020-02376-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30148"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.39.451"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(69)90044-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Hepatobiliary disease in sarcoidosis","volume":"23","author":"Kahi CJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis Off J WASOG"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-006-0004-9"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","first-page":"840","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of sarcoidosis","volume":"93","author":"Soto\u2010Gomez N","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy217"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2008.08.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2010.01460.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2015.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03013549"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01945.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12408"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12856"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200201150-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181636f3f"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25734"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06003-2"}],"container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ctr.14344","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ctr.14344","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ctr.14344","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T08:59:44Z","timestamp":1699001984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ctr.14344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ctr.14344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ctr.14344","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0902-0063","1399-0012"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0902-0063","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-0012","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14344"}}