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In this review, we will explore several aspects and controversies of liver transplantation in patients with non\u2010hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy including risks of cancer recurrence after liver transplantation and the ethical dilemma of the selection of liver transplantation candidates with non\u2010hepatic malignancy.\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a search in several online databases and reviewed published articles and ongoing clinical trials in the topics of transplantation and pre\u2010existing malignancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver transplantation can be safely performed in selected patients with pre\u2010existing extrahepatic malignancies with low recurrence rate if they have an expected 5\u2010year survival rate of at least 50%. The cancer\u2010free period before transplantation depends on the type, stage, and location of cancer. A shorter or no wait\u2010time may be considered in an early stage cancer or carcinoma in situ. The urgency and benefits of liver transplantation should also be taken into consideration when determining a reasonable wait\u2010time. This is particularly important in patients with decompensated cirrhosis who cannot afford to wait a few years before they can undergo liver transplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T05:53:59Z","timestamp":1625032439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The presence of non\u2010hepatic malignancy and its implication in pursuing liver transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1649-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maneerat","family":"Chayanupatkul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok 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