{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:23:50Z","timestamp":1789590230868,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacteriuria is common among kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Risk factors and outcomes associated with bloodstream infection due to a urinary source (BSIU) in KTR are poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This single center case\u2010control study from 2010 to 2022 compared KTR with BSIU to those with bacteria without bloodstream infection (BU). Multivariable logistic regression identified BSIU risk factors, and Cox models assessed its impact on graft failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 3435 patients, who underwent kidney transplantation at Emory Hospital, 757 (22%) developed bacteriuria, among whom 142 (18.8%) were BSIU. Male sex, presence of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> species in urine culture, urethral stricture, neuromuscular bladder disorder, and history of diabetes\u2010induced renal failure were independently associated with increased odds of BSIU (Male sex: aOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.52, 3.47, <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>: aOR 5.14, 95% CI 3.02, 9.13; <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> aOR 3.19, 95% CI 1.65, 6.27, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> spp aOR 3.06, 95% CI 1.25, 7.18; urethral stricture: 4.10, 95% CI 1.63, 10.3, neuromuscular bladder disorder aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.09, 3.53, diabetes: aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.08, 2.49). BSIU was associated with increased hazard of graft failure (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.05, 2.20).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Close monitoring is warranted for male KTR with bacteriuria, those with urine cultures positive for <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> spp<jats:italic>, K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, as well as KTR with a history of diabetes\u2010induced renal failure, urethral stricture, or neuromuscular bladder disorder due to their risk for developing BSIU. Future research should explore strategies to mitigate BSIU risk in these high\u2010risk KTR and reduce the associated risk of long\u2010term graft failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.15279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T03:08:47Z","timestamp":1710472127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk factors and outcomes of bloodstream infection from a urinary source in kidney transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2469-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily M.","family":"Eichenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja Wichhart","family":"Donzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geeta","family":"Karadkhele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Transplant Center Emory University Hospital  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Pouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian P.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Transplant Center Emory University Hospital  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Emory University Hospital  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.15971020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00134\u201014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010150\u20109\u2010200905050\u201000006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"An {R} Companion to Applied Regression","author":"Fox 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