{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:34:29Z","timestamp":1772998469976,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bloodstream infections (BSIs) account for 18% of bacterial infections in the first year after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Enterococcus accounts for up to 20% of BSIs in this population, with vancomycin\u2010resistant enterococcus (VRE) posing a particular risk. This is a retrospective, case\u2010control study of adult liver and kidney transplant recipients between 01\/01\/2016 and 06\/30\/2021 that characterizes the epidemiology and outcomes of enterococcal BSIs in liver and kidney transplantations at a single institution. Subjects with an enterococcal BSI within the first 6 months post\u2010transplant were compared to those with non\u2010enterococcal BSIs in the same period. We identified 26 subjects with enterococcal BSIs and 28 controls with non\u2010enterococcal BSIs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a054; 10.3%). Cases were mostly liver transplant recipients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020; 77%) with a median MELD at transplant of 33 (range 14\u201343); controls included 14 KT recipients (50%). Groups differed significantly (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) by factors including perioperative transfusion requirements, need for reoperation, and number of interventions post\u2010transplant. Cases had a median time of 25.5 days to infection and controls 100.5 days (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). There were no differences in 1\u2010year mortality between the groups. <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic> was the predominant species of Enterococcus (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a023; 88.5%), with a majority (91.3%) of the isolates being VRE. In our liver and kidney transplants, enterococcal BSIs occurred early among liver transplant recipients. The high incidence of VRE among <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> isolates in this population warrants further investigation into the optimal approach to empiric antimicrobials for bacteremia in the early post\u2010transplant period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.15285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T10:09:36Z","timestamp":1711102176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Epidemiology and outcomes associated with enterococcal blood stream infection among liver and kidney transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2881-5054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin D.","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Suhaib","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa L.","family":"Cowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Transplant Institute Department of Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conor M.","family":"Stack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn D.","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9190-239X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbra M.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421946"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2019.02.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2018.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RasmussenDB M\u00f8llerDL KnudsenAD et\u00a0al.Enterococcal infections the first year after liver transplantation \u2013 a prospective cohort study.Microorganisms.2021;9(8). doi:10.3390\/microorganisms9081740","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081740"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12505"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182a049fd"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/498903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6002\/ect.2020.0443"}],"container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ctr.15285","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T16:52:30Z","timestamp":1711385550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ctr.15285"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ctr.15285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ctr.15285","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0902-0063","1399-0012"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0902-0063","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-0012","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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