{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:27:39Z","timestamp":1778830059992,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010directed donors (NDDs), individuals who donate their organs with no intended recipient, in the United States increased 90\u2010fold from 1999 to 2019. There is a paucity of studies investigating the motivations of NDDs. The objective of our study is to identify actionable items to increase NDDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey of kidney NDDs at CUIMC from 2009 to 2021 was conducted. The survey was conducted via Qualtrics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy individuals met the study criteria. Forty\u2010seven (67.1%) individuals completed the survey. A total of 98% of respondents reported participating in other altruistic activities prior to donation. A total of 70% donors identified as religious, and 57% reported religion\/spirituality positively affected the decision to donate. The three most common factors that got respondents interested in NDD included: (1) hearing about an individual in need of a transplant, (2) knowing someone who had donated an organ, and (3) as a next step in altruistic behavior. A total of 85% said that donating a kidney met or exceeded expectations. A total of 44% and 31% of NDDs were interested in being either liver or uterus NDDs, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified six potential action items: (1) Identify pools of receptive individuals who participated in other altruistic behaviors and\/or identify as religious. (2) Outreach to individuals who came forward as directed donors, but whose intended recipient was successfully transplanted with a kidney from another donor. (3) Promote stories of those who need organ transplants or whose lives have been changed by transplantation. (4) Promote NDDs as resources for potential NDDs. (5) Educate interested kidney NDDs about liver and uterus transplant programs. (6) Decrease financial barriers to donation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.70044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T11:15:26Z","timestamp":1732878926000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["What Makes Non\u2010Directed Living Kidney Donors Tick? Actionable Items to Increase Non\u2010Directed Live Organ Donation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5970-0517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy S.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6482-8665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasi","family":"McCune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Recanati\/Miller Transplant Institute Mount Sinai Hospital  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Wiener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Runge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pasantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7797-8347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department: Center for the Decision Sciences Divison of Marketing Columbia University Business School  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lloyd E.","family":"Ratner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jorc.12267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Organ Donation Statistics.Organ Donation Statistics. (2023) https:\/\/www.organdonor.gov\/learn\/organ\u2010donation\u2010statistics."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"National Data\u2014HRSA.Health Services & Services Administration. (2024) https:\/\/www.organdonor.gov\/learn\/organ\u2010donation\u2010statistics\/detailed\u2010description#fig1."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"2022 Annual Report of the U.S. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients: Transplant Data 1993\u20102022.Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration Healthcare Systems Bureau Division of Transplantation Rockville MD; United Network for Organ Sharing Richmond VA; Columbia University Division of Renal and Pancreas Transplantation New York NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Adult Population by Age Group: Kids Count Data Center. Adult population by age group | KIDS COUNT Data Center. (2023) https:\/\/datacenter.aecf.org\/data\/tables\/6538\u2010adult\u2010population\u2010by\u2010age\u2010group#detailed\/1\/any\/false\/1095 2048 574 1729 37 871 870 573 869 36\/117 2801 2802 2803\/13515 13516."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm197103182841105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics\u20102012\u2010100528"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Human Bodies: Donation for Medicine and Research","author":"Strathern M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277792"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102017\u2010015971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2019.1586793"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2017.1405480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2022.08.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau.U.S. Census Bureau Quickfacts: New York City New York; San Francisco\u2026 QuickFacts New York City New York. (2022) https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/fact\/table\/newyorkcitynewyork sanfranciscocitycalifornia US\/PST045222."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"\u201cNew Rule Expands the Scope of Reimbursable Expenses for Living Organ Donation\u201d US Department of Health and Human Services: Health Resources & Services Administration 18 September 2010. (HRSA 2020) https:\/\/www.hrsa.gov\/about\/news\/press\u2010releases\/new\u2010rule\u2010expands\u2010scope\u2010living\u2010organ\u2010donation."}],"container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ctr.70044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T12:13:55Z","timestamp":1735388035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ctr.70044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ctr.70044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ctr.70044","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0902-0063","1399-0012"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0902-0063","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-0012","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70044"}}