{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:06:36Z","timestamp":1787065596754,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaccination rates of immunosuppressed liver transplant recipients need to improve. We compared the effectiveness of a three\u2010arm randomized intervention on vaccination rates in liver transplant recipients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred and eighty\u2010nine liver transplant recipients were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) patient intervention, (2) family physician intervention, and (3) combined patient and family physician intervention. The intervention consisted of a yellow information letter, which was personalized and sent to either the patient (1), the family physician (2), or both (3) in December 2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Irrespective of the assigned intervention group, a significant increase in vaccination rates from baseline to follow\u2010up after 2\u00a0years was observed for tetanus (53%\u201356%), pertussis (52%\u201357%), hepatitis\u00a0A (44%\u201349%), hepatitis\u00a0B (64%\u201371%), pneumococci (68%\u201375%), and the sequential pneumococcal vaccination (12%\u201322%). Comparing the interventions, the vaccination rate for hepatitis\u00a0A was significantly higher at follow\u2010up for intervention (3) (OR = 9.07,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.043) and (2) (OR = 9.91,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.034) than for intervention (1). Concerning the vaccination rate for hepatitis\u00a0B, an odds ratio of 9.13 was observed for intervention (2) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006) compared to (1). Interventions (2) and (3) were generally superior to the patient\u2010centered intervention alone, with the exception of influenza vaccination.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results show the importance of family physicians in improving vaccination rates in liver transplant recipients. Establishing low\u2010threshold communication channels, for example, via the electronic patient record, could improve cooperation between physicians in specialized outpatient clinics and family physicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS: DRKS00035422). Registration was done retrospectively due to time constraints and lack of human resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.70239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T15:27:29Z","timestamp":1758900449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effectiveness of a Personal Vaccination Recommendation Letter to Liver Transplant Patients and Family Physicians for Improving the Vaccination Status"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1562-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorothea","family":"Dehnen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Practice Medical Faculty University of Duisburg\u2010Essen  Essen 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