{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:44:30Z","timestamp":1773013470762,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effectiveness of ChatGPT responses to common living kidney donation (LKD) queries remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We surveyed nephrologists and living kidney donors\/candidates to evaluate ChatGPT\u20103.5's accuracy, comprehensiveness, and clarity in answering common donation questions in English and French. Ratings used a 5\u2010point Likert scale, with percentage agreement and modified Fleiss\u2019 Kappa measuring inter\u2010rater consistency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The evaluation of ChatGPT\u20103.5's responses varied between nephrologists and kidney donors\/candidates. Nephrologists showed moderate percentage agreement for English responses (50%\u201359%) and poor agreement for French responses (9%\u201345%). Kidney donors\/candidates exhibited high agreement for English (90%\u2013100%) but low for French (0%\u201377%). Inter\u2010rater agreement among nephrologists was moderate for both English (Kappa 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.79,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and French (Kappa 0.70, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.77,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). In contrast, inter\u2010rater agreement was poor among donors\/candidates for both English (Kappa \u22120.10, 95% CI: \u22120.14, \u22120.07,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.99) and French (Kappa \u22120.03, 95% CI: \u22120.07, 0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.81).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT 3.5's responses to common LKD queries demonstrated limited agreement among nephrologists and kidney donors\/donor candidates, highlighting its lack of reliability as a supplement to existing educational materials for living kidney donor programs in English and French.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.70303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T08:55:45Z","timestamp":1756803345000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Accuracy, Clarity, and Comprehensiveness of ChatGPT Outputs for Commonly Asked Questions About Living Kidney Donation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ria","family":"Singla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumiya","family":"Lodhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taddele","family":"Kibret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Januvi","family":"Jegatheswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital and Kidney Research Centre  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Glavinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital and Kidney Research Centre  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Massicotte\u2010Azarniouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital and Kidney Research Centre  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Karpinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital and Kidney Research Centre  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rinu","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital and Kidney Research Centre  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital and Kidney Research Centre  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish M.","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital and Kidney Research Centre  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4106-0451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Bugeja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital and Kidney Research Centre  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"OpenAI.ChatGPT. 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