{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T20:04:27Z","timestamp":1788206667914,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines recommend tacrolimus starting doses based on CYP3A5 phenotypes but do not consider CYP3A4 interactions. Azoles inhibit CYP3A4 metabolism, and suggested % reduction in tacrolimus dose by azole has been published. We evaluated the accuracy of CPIC tacrolimus dose recommendations based on CYP3A5 phenotype in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) treated with azole.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was accuracy (\u00b130%) of actual vs. expected tacrolimus dose (mg\/kg\/day) at 1\u00a0M, 2\u00a0M, and 3\u00a0M post\u2010LT. Secondary outcomes were median tacrolimus dose (mg\/kg\/day) and % difference in actual vs. expected tacrolimus dose between 1\u00a0M, 2\u00a0M, and 3\u00a0M. Formulas for expected dose were used sequentially: (1) manufacturer\u2010recommended dose, (2) CPIC starting dose adjustment, and (3) % tacrolimus dose reduction by azole. Each patient served as their own control for calculating the % difference in dose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      85 LTRs with pharmacogenetic information were included; 91% were poor CYP3A5 metabolizers. Accuracy of CPIC and azole adjusted dose decreased at 1\u00a0M, 2\u00a0M, and 3\u00a0M (40%, 29%, and 18%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002). Accuracy between CYP3A5 expressers and non\u2010expressers did not show a difference at 1\u00a0M (38% vs. 40%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.00), but differences were significant at 2\u00a0M (75% vs. 25%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002) and 3\u00a0M (63% vs. 14%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002). Tacrolimus dose (mg\/kg\/day) decreased (0.03, 0.02, 0.02;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and % difference in actual vs. expected dose increased (\u221222, \u221235, \u221246;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) between 1\u00a0M, 2\u00a0M, and 3\u00a0M post\u2010LT. Percent difference in actual vs. expected dose was not found to be significant between phenotypes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.067).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of an adjusted tacrolimus starting dose based on CYP3A5 phenotype and predicted azole CYP3A4 inhibition was poorly predictive of the actual required tacrolimus dose among LTRs during the early post\u2010transplant period in CYP3A5 non\u2010expressers. CYP3A5 expressers demonstrated a higher degree of accuracy and would benefit from further investigation in a larger cohort. Lower tacrolimus doses with patient\u2010specific modifications are required in LTRs within the first 3\u00a0M post\u2010LT receiving azole antifungals to ensure therapeutic levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.70345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T15:15:24Z","timestamp":1760454924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Accuracy of CYP3A5 Pharmacogenomics Recommended Dosing of Tacrolimus With Concomitant Azole Antifungals Early Post\u2010Lung Transplant"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3207-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Thoracic Institute St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0677-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathy","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Thoracic Institute St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curt","family":"Bay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Health Science Arizona School of Health Science  Mesa Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6484-2480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhiannon","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Thoracic Institute St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Nailor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9736-0891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kellie J.","family":"Goodlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice Midwestern University  Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2821-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofya","family":"Tokman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Thoracic Institute St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center  Phoenix Arizona USA"},{"name":"Creighton University School of Medicine  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Tacrolimus.Deerfield IL:Astellas Pharma Us 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Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ctr.70345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T07:12:48Z","timestamp":1761289968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ctr.70345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ctr.70345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ctr.70345","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0902-0063","1399-0012"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0902-0063","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-0012","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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