{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:01:56Z","timestamp":1793660516959,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG077888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG077888"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32AG082486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32AG082486"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01DK139420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01DK139420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AI144954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI144954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Older patients who are evaluated for kidney transplantation (KT) experience an earlier onset of cognitive impairment due to dialysis, comorbidities, and inactivity. Ambient fine particulate matter (PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) is a modifiable risk factor for dementia among community\u2010dwelling older adults. Inflammatory responses and oxidative stress caused by inactivity in older patients evaluated for KT may heighten vulnerability to PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Thus, the impact of PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      on dementia may be more severe in this population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We leveraged a prospective cohort (2009\u20132019) of older (age \u2265\u00a050) patients evaluated for KT (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02073) with Modified Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (3MS). We derived annual PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      from residential ZIP codes (high: PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                      &gt;\u00a09\u00a0\u00b5g\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), quantifying its association with global cognitive function (linear regression), impairment (logistic regression), and risk of dementia (Cox proportional hazards model). We tested the interaction between PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      and dementia risk factors using a Wald test. Models were adjusted for confounders, including social determinants of health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      was associated with worse global cognitive function (difference\u00a0=\u00a0\u22123.00 points [3MS score], 95% CI: \u22123.93 to \u22122.07), with a stronger association among patients with low physical activity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      [interaction] &lt;\u00a00.001). High PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      was associated with 1.90\u2010fold higher odds of global cognitive impairment (95% CI: 1.48\u20132.46), and 3.29\u2010fold higher risk of dementia (95% CI: 1.14\u20139.55).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      was associated with worse cognitive function among older patients evaluated for KT, particularly those with low physical activity. The association was stronger than prior findings among community\u2010dwelling older adults. Clinicians may counsel patients to monitor air quality. Patients in high PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      neighborhoods should discuss cognitive assessments and ways to increase physical activity with providers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.70376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T10:34:06Z","timestamp":1763375646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ambient Air Pollution, Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia Among Older Patients Being Evaluated for Kidney Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8156-1306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyao","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery New York University, Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malika","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery New York University, Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane J.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery New York University, Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6279-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery New York University, Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Ghildayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery New York University, Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byoungjun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery New York University, Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Health  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health New York University Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1209-2873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery New York University, Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarti","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3013-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara A.","family":"McAdams\u2010DeMarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery New York University, Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Health  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health New York University Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York 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