{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T17:35:51Z","timestamp":1777224951564,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deferral of solid organ transplantation (SOT) in recipients with tuberculosis (TB) disease (active TB) is recommended until anti\u2010tuberculosis treatment (ATT) is completed. However, SOT is often urgent, and there are instances where SOT cannot be safely delayed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report two cases with TB disease who were transplanted before completion of ATT in our institution and searched PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases from inception to August 2025, to retrieve all other published cases of\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      among SOT candidates with active TB disease at time of transplantation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty\u2010four detailed cases were identified while two cohort studies had aggregated data on 101 cases of TB disease among kidney transplant (KT) candidates. The majority of cases were liver transplant (LT) candidates (60\/64, 93.7%); the rest were heart (2\/64), kidney (1\/64), or lung (1\/64) candidates. About half of LT candidates were urgently transplanted because of ATT induced hepatic failure (35\/60, 58.3%). Among LT candidates, pulmonary tuberculosis was most common (39\/60, 65%) followed by extrapulmonary (EPTB) (17\/60, 28.3%), and disseminated TB (4\/60, 6.7%). ATT was started prior to transplantation in 44\/60 (73.3%) candidates, while 16\/60 (26.7%) were started after SOT. The majority (40\/44, 90.9%) were on first line therapy, with transplantation occurring a median of 54.5 (range 2\u2013180) days after starting ATT. Many ATT regimens were modified in the post\u2010transplant phase (31\/44, 70.4%). Of nine mortalities among LT recipients, only one was directly attributable to TB disease. For both cohort studies on KT candidates, EPTB was the most common form of TB disease (44\/71 and 26\/30). ATT was taken a median of 3.8 and 3\u00a0months, respectively, prior to SOT. All continuation phase posttransplant ATT were rifampicin\u2010sparing with median duration of 12.27 and 14\u00a0months, respectively. There were no deaths attributable to TB disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Favorable outcomes after SOT are feasible despite TB disease and incomplete pre\u2010transplant anti\u2010TB treatment. The urgent need for a life\u2010saving transplant procedure should be weighed against the risks of transplantation in a patient with active tuberculosis. Completion of at least 2\u2010month intensive first\u2010line TB treatment (e.g., isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, [HRZE]) is recommended with use of a rifamycin\u2010based regimen to optimize sterilization. Although rifamycins are preferred for treatment, a rifampicin\u2010sparing regimen may be more manageable post\u2010transplantation to avoid drug\u2013drug interactions, especially if longer courses of treatment are used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.70528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T11:51:07Z","timestamp":1775217067000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Solid Organ Transplantation Among Transplant Candidates With TB Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Cybele Lara R.","family":"Abad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippine General Hospital Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Zimmet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine Stanford University  California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aruna K.","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine Stanford University  California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02090381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90468-9"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"905","article-title":"Successful Treatment of Multidrug\u2010Resistant Tuberculosis Following Drug\u2010Induced Hepatic Necrosis Requiring Liver Transplant","volume":"8","author":"Marra F.","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000116870.10012.5D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.01065.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20839"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Risk Factors of Acute Hepatic Failure During Antituberculosis Treatment: Two Cases and Literature Review","volume":"64","author":"Smink F.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Netherlands Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2007.00277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2009.01.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2009.00369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22125"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Living\u2010Donor Liver Transplantation in Patients With Concurrent Active Tuberculosis at Transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Lee Y. 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