{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:19:37Z","timestamp":1787681977846,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Norovirus gastroenteritis can cause serious complications in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, and no licensed treatment is available. Typical therapy is supportive care; however, some medications may be used off\u2010label. Serum\u2010derived bovine immunoglobulin (IG), a medical food product, has been utilized off\u2010label for norovirus gastroenteritis, although clinical efficacy is uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of SOT recipients who received serum\u2010derived bovine IG for the treatment of norovirus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult SOT recipients, who received serum\u2010derived bovine IG as treatment for norovirus between January 2020 and December 2024, were evaluated for inclusion. Outcomes evaluated included improvement in the number of bowel movements to less than three per day, presence of more formed bowel movements, presence of acute kidney injury (AKI), initial response rates, and 90\u2010day relapse\u2010free rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>14 SOT recipients were included. Nine patients had a history of prior norovirus gastroenteritis. Reduction to less than three bowel movements per day occurred in 8\/14 (57%) patients. Overall, 12\/14 (86%) patients experienced clinical improvement after a median of 4.5 days of serum\u2010derived bovine IG. Of those alive at 90\u2010day follow\u2010up, 8 of 10 (80%) did not experience relapsing norovirus infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orally administered serum\u2010derived bovine IG may be a potential option for SOT recipients with chronic norovirus infection. Larger, well\u2010designed studies are needed to further define its clinical efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.70630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:18:55Z","timestamp":1785341935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Experience of Oral Serum\u2010Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Diagnosed With Norovirus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2696-6439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Ondrush","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The Mount Sinai Hospital  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9366-5359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopi","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Chasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6465-3586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1207742"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21545"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12674"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12844"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13550"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/653939"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102036.2006.03128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399\u20103046.2011.01556.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2014.09.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"Entera Health Inc. EnteraGam [product information]. (Entera Health Inc. 2020).https:\/\/enteragam.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000339789"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937\u2010015\u20100010\u20107"}],"container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ctr.70630","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ctr.70630","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ctr.70630","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:31:24Z","timestamp":1787679084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ctr.70630"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ctr.70630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ctr.70630","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0902-0063","1399-0012"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0902-0063","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-0012","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70630"}}