{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:51:24Z","timestamp":1791521484906,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infection remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, yet zoonotic pathogens as a distinct category remain underrecognized. We investigated the incidence, and risk factors of bacterial zoonotic infections after transplantation using a large multicenter database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We queried the TriNetX database in from 2014\u20132024 to identify adult SOT recipients who developed bacterial zoonotic infections. We identified twelve bacterial zoonoses using ICD\u201010 codes: anthrax, brucellosis, cat scratch disease, glanders, leprosy, leptospirosis, tularemia, parrot fever, pasteurellosis, plague, Q fever, and rat\u2010bite fever.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty\u2010one SOT recipients (0.03%) developed a bacterial zoonotic infection, corresponding to an incidence of 4.87 per 100\u00a0000 person\u2010years. The median time from transplantation to infection was 736 days (IQR, 298\u20131970), with 72.1% of infections occurring more than one year after transplantation. The hospitalization rate was 41.0%, and the 90\u2010day all\u2010cause mortality rate was 6.6%. The three most common infections were Q fever, cat scratch disease, and pasteurellosis. No cases of anthrax, tularemia, plague, or rat\u2010bite fever were identified. Black recipients had a 49% lower risk of bacterial zoonotic infection than White recipients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacterial zoonotic infections were uncommon and occurred predominantly during the late post\u2010transplant period. The lower risk observed among Black recipients reflects differences in animal and environmental exposure that this study could not measure, rather than biological susceptibility. Animal safety counseling should extend beyond the early post\u2010transplant period and continue as part of long\u2010term post\u2010transplant care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.70708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:47:26Z","timestamp":1791521246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence and Factors of Bacterial Zoonotic Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Chia\u2010Yu","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases University of Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supavit","family":"Chesdachai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepali Boothankad","family":"Sharath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Cleveland Clinic Foundation  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary A.","family":"Yetmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Cleveland Clinic Foundation  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s F.","family":"Henao\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases University of Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511859"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.974665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13519"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2025.07.553"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14050460"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Q Fever\u2013United States, 2013: Recommendations From CDC and the Q Fever Working Group","volume":"62","author":"Anderson A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mmwr Recommendations and Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e31824dc07a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(14)70895\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"About Half of U.S. Pet Owners Say Their Pets Are As Much a Part of Their Family as a Human Member.Pew Research Center2023. 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