{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T13:22:59Z","timestamp":1781356979646,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cutanea Life Sciences, Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Imiquimod (IMQ) is often used as a topical challenge agent to provoke local skin inflammation. The objective of this study was to develop and refine a rapid, temporary, and reversible human skin inflammation model with IMQ for application in clinical drug development. A randomized, vehicle\u2010controlled, open\u2010label, dose\u2010ranging study was conducted in 16 healthy male subjects. IMQ (5 mg) was applied once daily for 72 hours under occlusion to intact skin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8) or tape stripped (TS) skin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8). Although IMQ alone induced limited effects, TS+IMQ treatment showed larger responses in several domains, including erythema and perfusion (<jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.0001), mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (<jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.01), and inflammatory cell influx compared with vehicle. In conclusion, a rapid, human IMQ skin inflammation challenge model was successfully developed with a clear benefit of TS prior to IMQ application. Future interaction studies will enable proof\u2010of\u2010pharmacology of novel compounds targeting the innate immune system<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,16]],"date-time":"2018-05-16T18:49:14Z","timestamp":1526496554000},"page":"607-615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Comprehensive, Multimodal Characterization of an Imiquimod\u2010Induced Human Skin Inflammation Model for Drug Development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tessa","family":"van der Kolk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Assil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rianne","family":"Rijneveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica S.","family":"Klaassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Feiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutanea Life Science, Inc.  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