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Respiratory phenotype (Respiratory Severity Score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSS<\/jats:styled-content>)), serum, and urine metabolomics were assessed before and after treatment. Ten infants provided nine matched serum and nine matched urine samples. There was a significant decrease in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSS<\/jats:styled-content> with steroid treatment. Serum gluconic acid had the largest median fold change (140 times decreased, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u00a00.008). In metabolite set enrichment analysis, in both serum and urine, the urea cycle, ammonia recycling, and malate\u2010aspartate shuttle pathways were most significantly enriched when comparing pretreatment and post\u2010treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). In regression analyses, 6 serum and 28 urine metabolites were significantly associated with change in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSS<\/jats:styled-content>. Urine gluconic acid lactone was the most significantly correlated with clinical response (correlational coefficient 0.915). Pharmacometabolomic discovery of drug response biomarkers in preterm infants may allow precision therapeutics in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content> treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]],"date-time":"2019-06-12T12:43:03Z","timestamp":1560343383000},"page":"591-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Pharmacometabolomics of Respiratory Phenotypic Response to Dexamethasone in Preterm Infants at Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2137-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamorah","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Children's Mercy Hospital University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5581-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prabhakar","family":"Chalise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Kansas University Medical Center Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheri","family":"Gauldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Children's Mercy Hospital University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Truog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Children's Mercy Hospital University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10244"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0956"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb3004s114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11530084_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0314-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-015-0264-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141863"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2004.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-010-0823-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.23.6665-6670.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22525"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.955966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Palmas F.et al.Metabolomics study on NEC occurrence by GC\u2010MS. 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