{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:34:29Z","timestamp":1792010069033,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1189571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1189571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM24211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM24211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM131800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM131800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>High\u2010dose betamethasone and dexamethasone are standard of care treatments for women at risk of preterm delivery to improve neonatal respiratory and mortality outcomes. The dose in current use has never been evaluated to minimize exposures while assuring efficacy. We report the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of oral and intramuscular treatments with single 6\u00a0mg doses of dexamethasone phosphate, betamethasone phosphate, or a 1:1 mixture of betamethasone phosphate and betamethasone acetate in reproductive age South Asian women. Intramuscular or oral betamethasone has a terminal half\u2010life of 11\u00a0hours, about twice as long as the 5.5\u00a0hours for oral and intramuscular dexamethasone. The 1:1 mixture of betamethasone phosphate and betamethasone acetate shows an immediate release of betamethasone followed by a slow release where plasma betamethasone can be measured out to 14\u00a0days after the single dose administration, likely from a depo formed at the injection site by the acetate. PD responses were: increased glucose, suppressed cortisol, increased neutrophils, and suppressed basophils, CD3CD4 and CD3CD8 lymphocytes. PD responses were comparable for betamethasone and dexamethasone, but with longer times to return to baseline for betamethasone. The 1:1 mixture of betamethasone phosphate and betamethasone acetate caused much longer adrenal suppression because of the slow release. These results will guide the development of better treatment strategies to minimize fetal and maternal drug exposures for women at risk of preterm delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T14:21:24Z","timestamp":1575642084000},"page":"391-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intramuscular and Oral Betamethasone and Dexamethasone in Reproductive Age Women in India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alan H.","family":"Jobe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Biology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Milad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milad Pharmaceutical Consulting LLC Plymouth Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Peppard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Certara, Inc. Princeton New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Jusko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Buffalo Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.50.4.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"CD004454","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","volume":"3","author":"Roberts D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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